The European Social Survey (ESS) is an academically driven cross-national survey that has been conducted across Europe since its establishment in 2001. Every two years, face-to-face interviews are conducted with newly selected, cross-sectional samples. The survey measures the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviour patterns of diverse populations in more than thirty nations. The Australian National University (ANU) conducted the ESS in an Australian context, with data collection undertaken by the Social Research Centre’s probability-based panel, Life in Australia™. This will allow cross-continent comparisons to the European countries that participate to better understand the similarities and differences between countries.