Colonial Frontier Massacres in Australia, 1788-1930

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Lyndall Ryan; Jennifer Debenham; Bill Pascoe; Robyn Smith; Chris Owen; Jonathan Richards; Stephanie Gilbert; Robert Anders; Kaine Usher; Dan Price; Jack Newley; Mark Brown; Hugh Craig, 2025, "Colonial Frontier Massacres in Australia, 1788-1930", https://doi.org/10.26193/L0WEID, ADA Dataverse, V1

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Description	Information about frontier massacres in Australia between 1788, when British colonisation began to 1930, with the first in 1794 and last in 1928. Only colonial frontier massacres for which sufficient evidence could be found are included. The map includes information about frontier massacres of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, and non-Aboriginal people such as colonists and others in Australia in the same period. This information includes geospatial data for mapping massacres, conservative estimates on numbers killed, a brief narrative on each massacre, sources used, offline copies of the introductory and interpretative information from the project website, a screenshot of the web map, and a full printable list of all the massacres with their details. Please see the 'Introduction' document for a full description, including the criteria for inclusion of a massacre in this project. (2025-01-25)
Subject	Arts and Humanities; Social Sciences
Keyword	Australian History, Colonial History, Massacre, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander history, Indigenous history, British history, Frontier Violence
Notes	Screenshots, quotes and data from the Colonial Frontier Massacres in Australia, 1788-1930 website and archives of them may be used in accordance with scholarly conventions for citation, copyright law and these recommendations under a CC BY NC 4.0 licence/data use agreement. While this information is relevant to everyone it directly relates to the histories of Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander people. The aim of these recommendations is to avoid misuse, intentional or unintentional. The information on the Colonial Frontier Massacres, 1788-1930 website, or available in archives of it, should only be re-used in a context that is respectful to Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander people. If you use this material in the context of other subject matter please be sensitive to issues affecting Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander people. Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander people have varying laws and lore relating appropriate re-use. In particular, take care when using images, especially of deceased people, and do not misappropriate art or symbolism. Please act considerately and bear in mind that this violent history continues to affect communities and families today. In particular we recommend: Don't use the information in association with images of deceased people. The information should be used in a way that is respectful to the deceased, their families and community concerned. If you are focusing on a specific site, make an effort to consult with the community. Be aware visitors may be welcome at some sites but not at others, depending on the situation. All re-use must provide a citation. The form of the citation should follow bibliographic conventions and: may include a link to the website https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/. must include a citation of this dataset if data is downloaded from ADA.
License/Data Use Agreement	CC BY-NC 4.0

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	About.pdf ColonialMassacresAustralia_Documents/Adobe PDF - 135.0 KB Published Feb 20, 2025 5 Downloads MD5: 78a4dc9132da6e24d119aa63f679db36 Printable version of the 'About' page from the website describing the Colonial Frontier Massacres project.	Access File File Access Public Download Options Adobe PDF Download Metadata Data File Citation EndNote XML RIS BibTeX
	Bibliography.pdf ColonialMassacresAustralia_Documents/Adobe PDF - 982.2 KB Published Feb 20, 2025 4 Downloads MD5: 99452ec038416719c0081bcb4805ea8a Printable version of the Bibliography for all massacres sites.	Access File File Access Public Download Options Adobe PDF Download Metadata Data File Citation EndNote XML RIS BibTeX
	Changes.pdf ColonialMassacresAustralia_Documents/Adobe PDF - 115.3 KB Published Feb 20, 2025 4 Downloads MD5: a890f508f843d7054335588f85dc401d Printable version of an overview of updates and changes to the massacre data throughout the project.	Access File File Access Public Download Options Adobe PDF Download Metadata Data File Citation EndNote XML RIS BibTeX
	Contact.pdf ColonialMassacresAustralia_Documents/Adobe PDF - 52.5 KB Published Feb 20, 2025 3 Downloads MD5: 0dd62dc2fea0ed84c8536c3643b54ee8 Printable version of the contact information on the website.	Access File File Access Public Download Options Adobe PDF Download Metadata Data File Citation EndNote XML RIS BibTeX
	FrontPage.pdf ColonialMassacresAustralia_Documents/Adobe PDF - 104.5 KB Published Feb 20, 2025 3 Downloads MD5: da00d9cde9d0abd8aa6bb9ac8b753cdc Printable version of the home page or front page of the website, briefly introducing the project and the data.	Access File File Access Public Download Options Adobe PDF Download Metadata Data File Citation EndNote XML RIS BibTeX
	Groups.pdf ColonialMassacresAustralia_Documents/Adobe PDF - 165.5 KB Published Feb 20, 2025 3 Downloads MD5: 42c60749b734a52248223453244bd15a Printable version of the webpage describing massacres that occurred in 'groups', such as an expedition during which massacres occurred at various places.	Access File File Access Public Download Options Adobe PDF Download Metadata Data File Citation EndNote XML RIS BibTeX
	Introduction.pdf ColonialMassacresAustralia_Documents/Adobe PDF - 242.1 KB Published Feb 20, 2025 4 Downloads MD5: f990186599fabdd4aa6fbdae09e50bb7 Printable version of the Introduction on the website providing essential information for interpreting and understanding the data and map.	Access File File Access Public Download Options Adobe PDF Download Metadata Data File Citation EndNote XML RIS BibTeX
	Map.pdf ColonialMassacresAustralia_Documents/Adobe PDF - 1015.7 KB Published Feb 20, 2025 3 Downloads MD5: 720ba1d07780651f433d1b64230029fb A printable screenshot of the map, showing locations of the massacres, without interactive features.	Access File File Access Public Download Options Adobe PDF Download Metadata Data File Citation EndNote XML RIS BibTeX
	Representations.pdf ColonialMassacresAustralia_Documents/Adobe PDF - 91.0 KB Published Feb 20, 2025 3 Downloads MD5: 5d061dae4dcec0f0d7605bf2138ffaeb A printable version of the 'Representations' page on the website, acknowledging some representations of massacres by Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander people, and traditional mapping technology and other media.	Access File File Access Public Download Options Adobe PDF Download Metadata Data File Citation EndNote XML RIS BibTeX
	SiteListTimeline.pdf ColonialMassacresAustralia_Documents/Adobe PDF - 57.6 KB Published Feb 20, 2025 3 Downloads MD5: 9795c859ed34fc0e50c5de3dd03cf618 A printable version of the preamble to the full listing of sites on the website. This is not the full list of sites. See SiteList.pdf for a printable full list and all details.	Access File File Access Public Download Options Adobe PDF Download Metadata Data File Citation EndNote XML RIS BibTeX

Citation Metadata

Persistent Identifier	doi:10.26193/L0WEID
Publication Date	2025-02-20
Title	Colonial Frontier Massacres in Australia, 1788-1930
Alternative URL	https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres
Other Identifier	Australian Data Archive: 100181
Author	Lyndall Ryan (University of Newcastle) - ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5345-3279 Jennifer Debenham (University of Newcastle) - ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2784-8189 Bill Pascoe (University of Newcastle) - ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2161-0962 Robyn Smith (Charles Darwin University) - ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9785-5424 Chris Owen Jonathan Richards - ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5811-2844 Stephanie Gilbert (University of Queensland) - ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7610-0628 Robert Anders (University of Tasmania) - ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6030-3263 Kaine Usher (University of Newcastle) Dan Price (University of Newcastle) Jack Newley (University of Newcastle) Mark Brown (University of Tasmania) Hugh Craig (University of Newcastle) - ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9336-1678
Point of Contact	Use email button above to contact. Australian Data Archive (Australian National University)
Description	Information about frontier massacres in Australia between 1788, when British colonisation began to 1930, with the first in 1794 and last in 1928. Only colonial frontier massacres for which sufficient evidence could be found are included. The map includes information about frontier massacres of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, and non-Aboriginal people such as colonists and others in Australia in the same period. This information includes geospatial data for mapping massacres, conservative estimates on numbers killed, a brief narrative on each massacre, sources used, offline copies of the introductory and interpretative information from the project website, a screenshot of the web map, and a full printable list of all the massacres with their details. Please see the 'Introduction' document for a full description, including the criteria for inclusion of a massacre in this project. (2025-01-25)
Subject	Arts and Humanities; Social Sciences
Keyword	Australian History Colonial History Massacre Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander history Indigenous history British history Frontier Violence
Notes	Screenshots, quotes and data from the Colonial Frontier Massacres in Australia, 1788-1930 website and archives of them may be used in accordance with scholarly conventions for citation, copyright law and these recommendations under a CC BY NC 4.0 licence/data use agreement. While this information is relevant to everyone it directly relates to the histories of Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander people. The aim of these recommendations is to avoid misuse, intentional or unintentional. The information on the Colonial Frontier Massacres, 1788-1930 website, or available in archives of it, should only be re-used in a context that is respectful to Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander people. If you use this material in the context of other subject matter please be sensitive to issues affecting Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander people. Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander people have varying laws and lore relating appropriate re-use. In particular, take care when using images, especially of deceased people, and do not misappropriate art or symbolism. Please act considerately and bear in mind that this violent history continues to affect communities and families today. In particular we recommend: Don't use the information in association with images of deceased people. The information should be used in a way that is respectful to the deceased, their families and community concerned. If you are focusing on a specific site, make an effort to consult with the community. Be aware visitors may be welcome at some sites but not at others, depending on the situation. All re-use must provide a citation. The form of the citation should follow bibliographic conventions and: may include a link to the website https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres/. must include a citation of this dataset if data is downloaded from ADA.
Language	English
Production Location	Australia
Contributor	Project Leader : Lyndall Ryan Researcher : Jennifer Debenham Researcher : Robyn Smith Researcher : Chris Owen Researcher : Jonathan Richards Editor : Bill Pascoe Related Person : Stephanie Gilbert Related Person : Robert Anders Data Curator : Kaine Usher Data Collector : Dan Price Data Curator : Jack Newley Other : Hugh Craig Data Manager : Bill Pascoe Project Manager : Bill Pascoe Researcher : Bill Pascoe
Funding Information	Australian Research Council: DP140100399
Depositor	Bill Pascoe
Time Period	Start Date: 1788-01-26 ; End Date: 1930-01-01
Date of Collection	Start Date: 2014-03-14 ; End Date: 2024-12-31
Data Type	Mixed
Data Source	Ryan, Lyndall; Debenham, Jennifer; Pascoe, Bill; Smith, Robyn; Owen, Chris; Richards, Jonathan; Gilbert, Stephanie; Anders, Robert J; Usher, Kaine; Price, Daniel; Newley, Jack; Brown, Mark; Craig, Hugh. Colonial Frontier Massacres in Australia 1788-1930 Newcastle: University of Newcastle, 2017-2024, https://c21ch.newcastle.edu.au/colonialmassacres
Origin of Historical Sources	Colonial sources including government documents, police reports, newspapers, journals and letters, and published Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander oral history.
Documentation and Access to Sources	See bibliography in the archive.

Geospatial Metadata

Geographic Coverage	Australia
Geographic Bounding Box	96 168 -8 -45

Social Science and Humanities Metadata

Unit of Analysis	Massacres in which 6 or more people were killed.
Universe	Australia, 1788 to 1930.
Time Method	All incidents in the time period, with estimated date range within which the massacre occurred.
Collector Training	Professional historians and academics (PhD level and beyond).
Sampling Procedure	All massacres in the time period in which 6 or more people where killed, for which sufficient evidence could be found to include in the study.
Target Sample Size	438 All available samples of the population.
Collection Mode	Historical research.
Type of Research Instrument	Books, journals, archives, reports, government and police documents, Trove, private collections and online sources.

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